I primi insediamenti risalgono probabilmente al IX secolo a.C., anche se furono gli Etruschi a sviluppare in modo considerevole il nucleo abitato, favoriti dalla vicinanza dell\u2019Arno e del mare. La posizione strategica attir\u00f2 le mire dei Liguri, dai cui attacchi Pisa si difese diventando alleata e poi colonia romana. L\u2019importanza di Pisa come porto del Tirreno crebbe nel periodo longobardo e sempre poi si espanse per mare, assumendo il controllo della Sardegna e partecipando attivamente alla prima Crociata. Grazie alle ricchezze accumulate durante gli scontri marittimi venne edificato, a met\u00e0 dell\u2019XI secolo, il Duomo, capolavoro dello stile romanico. Il Battistero, il Camposanto e il Campanile (la Torre Pendente) furono invece aggiunti nei secoli successivi.
\nL\u2019ambiziosa politica pisana si scontr\u00f2 con le mire di Genova, Amalfi e Venezia, mentre internamente alla rivalit\u00e0 delle famiglie Della Gherardesca e Visconti segu\u00ec l\u2019istituzione del governo dei Dodici Anziani del Popolo. La sconfitta inflitta dai Genovesi nella Battaglia della Meloria, nel 1284, diede avvio ad un lungo periodo di decadenza, costellato di scontri con i Fiorentini, che assunsero il definitivo controllo della citt\u00e0 nel 1509, attuando una serie di provvedimenti volti a ridurre drasticamente l\u2019importanza della principale rivale commerciale e politica.
\nCon Cosimo I de\u2019 Medici, amante del pi\u00f9 mite clima pisano, la citt\u00e0 rinacque artisticamente: vennero ricostruiti i Lungarni; vennero edificate Piazza dei Cavalieri e le Logge dei Banchi; Pisa assunse sempre pi\u00f9 l\u2019aspetto che ancora oggi mostra ai visitatori. Grazie a Pietro Leopoldo, Granduca di Toscana, l\u2019universit\u00e0 divenne fondamentale fulcro della vita pisana, mentre a Napoleone si deve l\u2019istituzione della Scuola Normale Superiore. L\u2019Ottocento fu caratterizzato da un vivace fermento risorgimentale, tanto che Mazzini visse a Pisa fino alla morte (1872). Purtroppo parte della ricchezza artistica pisana non \u00e8 pi\u00f9 visibile a causa dei pesanti bombardamenti del secondo conflitto mondiale, che distrussero interi quartieri.<\/p>\n
Pisa sorge su un\u2019area pianeggiante di origine alluvionale, chiusa dai Monti Pisani a nord e attraversata dal corso dell\u2019Arno. Si tratta, per estensione, della seconda pianura alluvionale italiana, dopo quella padana. In epoca romana l\u2019Arno sfociava proprio di fronte alla citt\u00e0, mentre adesso il mare dista 8 km. Essendo stato causa di molte inondazioni, il corso del fiume venne pi\u00f9 volte deviato e adesso presenta alcune anse che ne rallentano in parte il deflusso, oltre a un canale scolmatore che devia le acque in eccesso verso Calambrone. Ad ovest, la piana pisana \u00e8 delimitata da una vasta area verdeggiante che rientra nel territorio del Parco Naturale Migliarino, San Rossore, Massaciuccoli<\/a>.<\/p>\n","noDetails":false,"noInteraction":false,"accessibility":{"mobility":{"check":false,"description":""},"hearing":{"check":false,"description":""},"vision":{"check":false,"description":""},"cognitive":{"check":false,"description":""},"food":{"check":false,"description":""}},"source":"http:\/\/www.terredipisa.it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/territorio\/1065","wp_edit":"unknown","color":"#F6A502","web":"https:\/\/www.terredipisa.it\/territorio\/pisa\/","image":"https:\/\/www.terredipisa.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/Pisa_APERTURA-OK-300x120.jpg","related":{"event":{"related":[1948,2297,808,816,831,2136,2225,2455,2460,2437,2482,2536,2541,2542,3642,3600,3078,4162,3729,3913,3921,4395,5088,5362,7402,7396,2299,2304,854,811,7283,7280,6201,8514,6682,5352,4270,817,819,1793,2301,4453,1624,11115,11119,9235,11406,11770,12083,11180,2229,12332,12361,12379,12473,2220,12676,12646,12632,12708,7408,2477,13102,6651,13377,13512,13585,13597,13642]}}},"geometry":{"type":"Point","coordinates":[10.401688799999988,43.7228386]}},{"type":"Feature","properties":{"id":864,"name":"Buti","description":" Buiti Castrum<\/em>, \u00e8 il toponimo romano da cui deriva l\u2019odierna Buti<\/strong> e risale a un documento del 1068, quando il borgo era gi\u00e0 dotato di chiese e di mura fortificate. Per la sua importanza strategica si trovava in epoca medievale al centro di un sistema fortificato da otto castelli, ed era teatro di frequenti scontri tra Pisa, Lucca e Firenze. Le testimonianze alto-medievali si rintracciano nella localit\u00e0 Castel Tonini (X secolo) che tuttora domina il paese insieme alla bella Villa Medicea<\/strong><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n Buti \u00e8 situato sulle pendici orientali del Monte Pisano, in un ambiente naturale costituito da oliveti (lungo la Strada dell’Olio Monti Pisani<\/strong><\/a>)\u00a0 castagneti, sentieri e strade facilmente percorribili che consentono escursioni a piedi, in bici o MTB. Per gli amanti degli sport estremi anche il percorso della\u00a0ferrata di Sant’Antone<\/a><\/strong> Buti presenta un ricchissimo calendario di eventi, soprattutto sagre gastronomiche, organizzate dalla contrade che corrono il palio della terza domenica di gennaio, in ordine cronologico il primo in assoluto della Toscana.<\/p>\n","noDetails":false,"noInteraction":false,"accessibility":{"mobility":{"check":false,"description":""},"hearing":{"check":false,"description":""},"vision":{"check":false,"description":""},"cognitive":{"check":false,"description":""},"food":{"check":false,"description":""}},"source":"http:\/\/www.terredipisa.it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/territorio\/864","wp_edit":"unknown","color":"#F6A502","web":"https:\/\/www.terredipisa.it\/territorio\/buti\/","image":"https:\/\/www.terredipisa.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/Buti_apertura-300x120.jpg","related":{"event":{"related":[237,5572,2022,4207,4334,3310,6719,10802,9647,12078,12458,12463,13581]}}},"geometry":{"type":"Point","coordinates":[10.585594700000001,43.72763339999999]}},{"type":"Feature","properties":{"id":6495,"name":"A tutta birra nelle Terre di Pisa","description":" Itinerario: <\/strong>Pisa \u2013 Buti \u2013 Cenaia (Crespina Lorenzana) – Sasso Pisano (Castelnuovo Val di Cecina)<\/p>\n Questo itinerario cerca di allontanarvi dall\u2019idea di produzione di birra legata solo alle grandi industrie, per accompagnarvi nella riscoperta della birra artigianale attraverso la sua storia, gli antichi sapori e le atmosfere del passato. Un\u2019esperienza<\/strong> indimenticabile arricchita dalla professionalit\u00e0 dei mastri birrai delle Terre di Pisa che condivideranno con voi le conoscenze e la propria passione.\u00a0Un entusiasmo e un forte senso di appartenenza che spesso lega il nome della birra al territorio, alle sue risorse e alle sue tradizioni.<\/p>\n L\u2019itinerario inizia a Pisa<\/a>, con la visita a un birrificio molto particolare: \u201cLa Gilda dei Nani Birrai<\/em><\/strong><\/a>\u201d. Caratterizzato da una atmosfera fantasy, vi trasporta all\u2019interno del Gioco del Ponte, il tradizionale combattimento al carrello che si svolge a Pisa l\u2019ultimo sabato di giugno. I Mastri birrai spiegano e fanno assaggiare le loro birre presentate e premiate a vari concorsi nazionali ed internazionali.<\/p>\n Lasciamo la citt\u00e0 della Torre e proseguiamo lungo la Strada dell\u2019Olio del Monte Pisano. Oltrepassiamo Calci con la splendida Certosa Monumentale e l’interessante Museo di Storia Naturale, attraversiamo il borgo murato di Vicopisano con le sue torri medievali e la Rocca del Brunelleschi, per raggiungere\u00a0\u00a0Buti<\/a>, antico castello medievale conteso tra Pisa e Lucca. Il paese \u00e8 ricco di testimonianze storiche, tra cui la bella Villa medicea e la mole massiccia di Castel Tonini, ma anche rinomato per la buona cucina e per l’olio extra vergine di oliva. Grazie alla posizione ai piedi del Monte Serra, sfrutta l\u2019elemento fondamentale per una buona birrificazione: l\u2019acqua.<\/p>\n Qui si visita il Birrificio di Buti<\/em><\/strong><\/a>, che lega la produzione di birra a elementi del territorio. Come la \u201cPalio\u201d, una birra aromatizzata alle castagne in onore della manifestazione pi\u00f9 importante di Buti: il Palio delle contrade, il primo palio che si svolge in Toscana in ordine cronologico (terza domenica di gennaio). Tutte le operazioni che vanno dalla macinatura del malto fino all\u2019etichettatura sono eseguite esclusivamente a mano.<\/p>\n Spostandoci dal Monte alle Colline Pisane, si raggiunge Cenaia <\/em><\/strong>(comune di Crespina Lorenzana<\/a>), sede del Birrificio Agricolo Artigianale J63<\/em><\/strong><\/a>, dentro la Tenuta Torre a Cenaia, che utilizza solamente materie prime a km zero. La birra \u00e8 prodotta infatti con l\u2019orzo coltivato nei campi della tenuta. Il nome J63 \u00e8 legato a Santa Giulia, martire cristiana e patrona di Livorno, le cui spoglie secondo la leggenda furono portate nella pieve della tenuta prima di essere trasportate a Brescia. Il Birrificio \u00e8\u00a0aperto a visite guidate. A poca distanza si trova l\u2019Opificio Birrario<\/em><\/strong><\/a>, che produce birre in alta fermentazione e non pastorizzate. Il birrificio con il luppoleto di propriet\u00e0 si trovano immersi nelle campagne delle Colline Pisane . Ed essendo Crespina<\/em><\/strong> conosciuta per la Antichissima Fiera delle Civette (29 settembre), in suo onore sono state battezzate quattro birre con altrettanti nomi di specie di civette.<\/p>\n Un lungo spostamento che attraversa tutto il territorio delle Terre di Pisa, fra paesaggi e panorami tra loro diversi, conduce a Sasso Pisano <\/em><\/strong>(comune di Castelnuovo Val di Cecina<\/a>), piccolo ma grazioso borgo medioevale. 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\nI monti sono ricchi di corsi d\u2019acqua e di vaste aree coltivate a olivo e castagno. Non a caso, nell\u2019Ottocento, il territorio fu sottoposto a un\u2019opera di importante investimento agricolo con la costruzione di numerosi mulini e di frantoi, dando vita ad un\u2019economia fiorente basata sull’olio extravergine di oliva (assai rinomato) e prodotti derivati dal castagno, tra cui la fabbricazione di ceste e corbelli (purtroppo quasi scomparsa).<\/span><\/p>\n
\nNelle vicinanze, non dimenticate di visitare il Castello dei Vicari a Lari, con percorso multimediale particolarmente adatto a famiglie con bambini e ragazzi. Oppure per gli amanti dell’arte e della pittura il Museo Kienerk a Fauglia oppure la Casa Museo della Collezione Pepi presso l’omonima villa a Crespina.<\/p>\n
\nL\u2019itinerario si conclude con la visita a \u201cVapori di Birra<\/em><\/strong><\/a>\u201d, il primo birrificio artigianale in Italia che impiega il vapore geotermico come fonte di energia per il processo industriale: . La degustazione della birra \u00e8 accompagnata da prodotti tipici forniti da aziende locali.
\nA seconda della stagione, fatevi un tuffo nell’acqua calda del vicino Biolago,\u00a0complesso balneabile alimentato dalle fonti calde dell\u2019area circostante e dalle acque fredde riscaldate con l\u2019impianto del\u00a0teleriscaldamento geotermico,\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0in prossimit\u00e0 dei percorsi delle\u00a0fumarole<\/strong>, delle\u00a0biancane<\/strong>\u00a0e degli\u00a0scavi archeologici<\/strong>\u00a0delle terme etrusco-romane del\u00a0Bagnone.<\/strong><\/p>\n