Caption: Graben is the downthrown part of rock within extensional tectonics such as rifts.
\nGrabens are commonly bound by horsts and can be formed in a linear,
\nnon-linear or radial (as collapse crater) style at different geological scales. The
\nphotograph shows two oppositely dipping normal faults forming a spectacular cm-scale graben.
\nThis structure formed within the sequence of Devonian alternating layers of calc-schist, metalimestone
\nturbidite (brown) and thin bands of laminated marble (white). Metamorphic units is
\nresult from Early Cimmerian orogeny. No drag of the faulted unit characterizes it as a specific
\ntype of flanking structure. The throw (vertical displacement) on the fault is ~2 cm (follow the marker layer).
\nExtensional faulting within compressional orogeny is a crux and attracts geologists.
\nExtensional tectonism and its related structures may occur during as well as after the
\ncontractional history of a collisional orogeny. It is important in structural analysis and tectonic
\nmodelling to know which structures are synorogenic and which formed during the postcontractional stage. Synorogenic extensional structures are related to orogeny-internal
\nfeatures that cause relatively local instabilities in an overall contractional regime. By contrast
\nsignificant postorogenic extensional deformation implies true extension at the scale of the
\norogenic belt and crust. Accordingly, orogeny can be affected by
\ncontractional and extensional deformations overprinting each other and producing complex
\nstructural architectures (such as type-II superposed folds). Small-scale extension is commonly
\nrelated to local thrust faults and brittle-ductile shear zones. From the Khabr Mountain.
\nStructural zone of Sanandaj-Sirjan metamorphic-ophiolitic Complex, SW of the city of Baft,
\nKerman province, Iran (Location 28\u00b052\u00b404\u02baN, 56\u00b023\u00b456\u02baE). The coin radius is 1.25 cm. PhotoID800<\/p>\n
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